{"id":998,"date":"2021-12-23T14:00:41","date_gmt":"2021-12-23T13:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.prazskybarcamp.cz\/blog\/?p=998"},"modified":"2021-12-23T21:42:54","modified_gmt":"2021-12-23T20:42:54","slug":"fake-news-dezinformace-a-dalsi-nesvary-doby-internetove","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.prazskybarcamp.cz\/blog\/fake-news-dezinformace-a-dalsi-nesvary-doby-internetove\/","title":{"rendered":"Fake news, dezinformace a dal\u0161\u00ed ne\u0161vary doby internetov\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"Doba \u010dten\u00ed: <\/span> 3<\/span> minuty<\/span><\/span>

Hoaxy, dezinformace<\/strong>, misinformace, fake news<\/strong>\u2026 jsou toho kolem n\u00e1s mraky, ale o co vlastn\u011b jde a jak je rozli\u0161it od pravdy<\/strong>? P\u0159esn\u011b na to se dnes pod\u00edv\u00e1me.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed term\u00edny<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Nejd\u0159\u00edve si vysv\u011btl\u00edme n\u011bkolik term\u00edn\u016f, kter\u00e9 je dobr\u00e9 zn\u00e1t \u2013 v\u011bt\u0161inu jsi ur\u010dit\u011b u\u017e sly\u0161el.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dezinformace, misinformace a malinformace<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\"Diagram
Obr\u00e1zek z infomore.cz<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

To jsou z\u00e1kladn\u00ed typy zkreslen\u00ed informac\u00ed<\/span>,<\/b> co ale znamenaj\u00ed?<\/span>Dezinformace<\/b> \u2013 zpr\u00e1vy, \u010dl\u00e1nky, posty, videa atd., kter\u00e9 jsou <\/span>z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b fale\u0161n\u00e9<\/b> nebo <\/span>zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/b><\/p>\n

Misinformace<\/b> \u2013 obsah (videa, \u010dl\u00e1nky\u2026 rozum\u00edme si), kter\u00fd je <\/span>nepravdiv\u00fd<\/b>, ale \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd <\/span>bez \u00famyslu mystifikovat<\/b> a lh\u00e1t. \u010casto tedy jde o dezinformace, kter\u00fdm n\u011bkdo uv\u011b\u0159il, ale tak\u00e9 se m\u016f\u017ee jednat o <\/span>p\u0159eklepy<\/b>, kter\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdznam \u2013 nej\u010dast\u011bji desetinn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1rky u finan\u010dn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stek nebo zm\u011bna p\u00edsmena ve jm\u00e9n\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Malinformace<\/b> \u2013 <\/span>pravdiv\u00e9<\/b> informace, kter\u00e9 se dostaly na povrch za \u00fa\u010delem <\/span>po\u0161kozen\u00ed<\/b> nebo ztrapn\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bkoho. Jsou to t\u0159eba z\u00e1kulisn\u00ed informace nebo i nah\u00e9 fotky.<\/span><\/p>\n

HOAX<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Popla\u0161n\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va, kter\u00e1 varuje p\u0159ed <\/span>neexistuj\u00edc\u00edm nebezpe\u010d\u00edm<\/b>, nap\u0159\u00edklad bomba na n\u00e1dra\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e1 tam ve skute\u010dnosti nen\u00ed nebo klasick\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzov\u00e9 emaily nav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed k\u00a0p\u0159eposl\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edm lidem. Jejich nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0tom, \u017ee si je pos\u00edlaj\u00ed lid\u00e9 v\u00a0<\/span>dobr\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e<\/b> a navz\u00e1jem si d\u016fv\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed \u2013 p\u0159ece by mi Pepa neposlal n\u011bjak\u00fd kec!\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159esn\u011b zapad\u00e1 do kategorie <\/span>misinformace<\/b>, kter\u00e1 vze\u0161la z\u00a0<\/span>dezinformace<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fake news a false information\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Obecn\u00e9 term\u00edny, mezi sebou \u010dasto zam\u011b\u0148ovan\u00e9. <\/span>Fake news<\/b> jsou sp\u00ed\u0161e klamav\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na <\/span>politick\u00e9 d\u011bn\u00ed<\/b>. <\/span>False infromation<\/b> je tedy pojem, kter\u00fd za\u0161ti\u0165uje <\/span>ve\u0161ker\u00e9 fale\u0161n\u00e9 a nepravdiv\u00e9<\/b> informace \u2013 misinformace, dezinformace, ale t\u0159eba i humor.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 typy false infromation<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Clickbait<\/b> \u2013 ur\u010dit\u011b jsi u\u017e sly\u0161el tento pojem, zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed a \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00ed titulek.<\/span><\/p>\n

Biased news<\/b> \u2013 zpr\u00e1vy se zaujet\u00edm v\u016f\u010di politick\u00fdm n\u00e1zor\u016fm \u010di podporuj\u00edc\u00ed postoje a n\u00e1zory autora nebo cel\u00e9ho m\u00e9dia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Parodie\/Satira<\/b> \u2013 fale\u0161n\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed za \u00fakol pobavit.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Jak nepodlehnout?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Pojmy a d\u011blen\u00ed m\u00e1me za sebou, ale jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem si <\/span>ov\u011b\u0159ovat<\/b> informace a odd\u011blit je od fale\u0161n\u00fdch?<\/span><\/p>\n

Kontroluj si zdroje<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Nez\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u011bc, kterou bys m\u011bl ud\u011blat, je zkontrolovat, kdo \u010dl\u00e1nek nebo p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek <\/span>napsal<\/b>. Dobr\u00fdm pomocn\u00edkem jsou str\u00e1nky jako <\/span>Nada\u010dn\u00ed fond nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 \u017eurnalistiky<\/span><\/a>, kter\u00e9 hodnot\u00ed <\/span>pravdivost<\/b> m\u00e9di\u00ed. Taky se nezapome\u0148 kouknout na <\/span>zdroje<\/b>, pokud je tedy autor uv\u00e1d\u00ed, proto\u017ee to by m\u011blo d\u011blat ka\u017ed\u00e9 seri\u00f3zn\u00ed m\u00e9dium.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pozor<\/strong> na \u010dl\u00e1nky, kter\u00e9 cituj\u00ed n\u00e1zory n\u011bkoho bez znalosti oboru<\/strong> \u2013 je lep\u0161\u00ed poslouchat odborn\u00edky<\/strong>, ale je pravda, \u017ee n\u011bkdy m\u016f\u017eou m\u00edt lid\u00e9 \u201ez venku\u201c dobr\u00e9 pointy, kter\u00e9 je fajn si vyslechnout.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fact-checking<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed<\/strong> je nejlep\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak se dozv\u011bd\u011bt pravdu. \u010c\u00edst knihy, studie, vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed expert\u016f a ve\u0161ker\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy je opravdu \u010dasov\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9, ale zaru\u010den\u011b efektivn\u00ed<\/strong>. Je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee se Ti nechce kontrolovat ka\u017ed\u00fd jednotliv\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek, kter\u00fd si kde p\u0159e\u010dte\u0161, nebo ov\u011b\u0159ovat v\u0161echny v\u00fdroky na Twitteru. S t\u00edm Ti na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee pomoci t\u0159eba str\u00e1nka <\/span>demagog.cz<\/span><\/a>, kter\u00e1 fact-checkuje<\/strong> v\u00fdroky politik\u016f a u\u0161et\u0159\u00ed Ti tak drahocenn\u00fd \u010das. Takov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek existuje celkem dost, nap\u0159\u00edklad snopes.com<\/a>, politifact.com<\/a> nebo BBC Reality Check<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Poka\u017ed\u00e9 je ale vhodn\u00e9 ud\u011blat alespo\u0148 kr\u00e1tk\u00fd Google Search<\/strong> a p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst si n\u011bjak\u00e9 detailn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace z\u00a0jin\u00fdch zdroj\u016f<\/strong>, abys dostal v\u00edce n\u00e1zor\u016f, pohled\u016f a infromac\u00ed. Sta\u010d\u00ed jen n\u011bkolik minut, hlavn\u011b slep\u011b nev\u011b\u0159 v\u0161emu, co se kde \u0161ustne.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1v\u011br, mysli kriticky<\/strong>. Je to vlastnost, kter\u00e1 se ti bude hodit i v\u00a0jin\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00edch situac\u00edch. Internet je \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edce pln\u00fd zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch<\/strong> a fale\u0161n\u00fdch<\/strong> informac\u00ed a je pot\u0159eba se v\u00a0nich nau\u010dit orientovat<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kr\u00e1tk\u00fd souhrn<\/h4>\n
    \n
  1. M\u011bj alespo\u0148 lehkou p\u0159edstavu, co zmi\u0148ovan\u00e9 term\u00edny znamenaj\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
  2. Kontroluj si, zdali jsou zdroje dan\u00e9 publikace validn\u00ed<\/strong> a relevantn\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
  3. Zji\u0161\u0165uj si dal\u0161\u00ed souvislosti<\/strong> a ov\u011b\u0159uj<\/strong>\u00a0informace.<\/li>\n
  4. Nau\u010d se kritick\u00e9mu my\u0161len\u00ed<\/strong>, proto\u017ee t\u00edm se vyhne\u0161 mnoh\u00fdm nep\u0159\u00edjemnostem.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Douf\u00e1me, \u017ee se ti \u010dl\u00e1nek l\u00edbil a n\u011bco nov\u00e9ho jsi se dozv\u011bd\u011bl. Jak\u00e9 nejbizarn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dezinformace<\/strong> jsi vid\u011bl? Napi\u0161 n\u00e1m dol\u016f do koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f<\/strong>!<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

    Zdroje<\/h4>\n
      \n
    1. BUR\u00ddSEK, Ji\u0159\u00ed, Co jsou to dezinformace<\/a>, bezfaulu.net, 2019<\/em><\/li>\n
    2. Explained: What is False Information (Fake News)?<\/a>, webwise.ie, 2020<\/em><\/li>\n
    3. KUJAWSKI, Mike, Misinformation vs. Disinformation vs. Malinformation<\/a>, medium.com<\/em>, 2019<\/li>\n
    4. ORDWAY, Denise-Marie, Fake news and the spread of misinformation: A research roundup<\/a>, journalistsresource.org, 2017<\/em><\/li>\n
    5. Co je to HOAX<\/a>, hoax.cz<\/em><\/li>\n
    6. UNESCO, Journalism, ‚Fake news‘ & Disinformation<\/a>, 2018<\/li>\n
    7. KANDEL, Nirmal, Inforamtion Disorder Syndrome and its Management<\/a>, 2020<\/li>\n
    8. A Brief History of Fake News<\/a>, cits.ucsb.edu<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\r\n\t\t
      \r\n \r\n
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      \r\n \"Loading\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Doba \u010dten\u00ed: <\/span> 3<\/span> minuty<\/span><\/span> Hoaxy, dezinformace, misinformace, fake news\u2026 jsou toho kolem n\u00e1s mraky, ale o co vlastn\u011b jde a jak je rozli\u0161it od pravdy? P\u0159esn\u011b na to se dnes pod\u00edv\u00e1me.<\/p>\n\r\n\t\t

      \r\n \r\n
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      \r\n \"Loading\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":780,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[12],"tags":[186,185,95],"yoast_head":"\nFake news, dezinformace a dal\u0161\u00ed ne\u0161vary doby internetov\u00e9 - Prazsky Barcamp<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Fake news, dezinformace, HOAXy - pojmy, kter\u00e9 denn\u011b sl\u00fdch\u00e1\u0161, co ale znamenaj\u00ed a jak je rozli\u0161it od pravdy? 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